Molecular and cell biology in clinical medicine: introduction.

Resistance to HER2-targeted therapy

Production and approval of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was a millstone in antibody-based targeted therapy in the cancer treatment. However, despite the early success in the clinical trials, trastuzumab failed to appreciate the initial attraction due to development of resistance to the drug. The majority of patients who benefit from the drug...

Correction to: Prevalence of IMP and SPM Genes in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Educational Hospitals of Sari, Iran

In the article published in volume 29, issue 174, 2019, the affiliation and surname of Zahra Norouzi bazgir was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

Blood groups: In Health and Diseases

ABO blood type antigens are polymorphic, inherited structures presented on the surface of red blood cells. Although ABO blood group antigens is the most important antigens in transfusion medicine, its main role is not clearly clarified. Correlation between ABO blood group and susceptibility to certain infectious and non-infectious diseases is a controversial issue. Since, lack of blood type ant...

Vitamin E and Selenium Facilitate the Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of the Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

Background and Aims: Previous studies have shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells are one of the sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the capacity to differentiate into various mesodermal cell lineages. MSCs with cytokines secretion capability, which contributes to repair damaged tissues have gained wide credence for future cell-based therapeutic applications. In th...

Molecular approaches to diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis what we know and what we do not know.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) are a major complication in immunocompromized patients where can be serious and rapidly fatal. Early diagnosis and early appropriate antifungal treatment is important in reducing mortality and morbidity. But despite many efforts to develop detection methods, the diagnosis of IA still remains challenging and current conventional methods are limited for adequate diagno...

Over-Expression of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Ulcerative Colitis Patients